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Edgard Varèse
Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse (; also spelled Edgar Varèse;〔Malcolm MacDonald, ''Varèse, Astronomer in Sound'' (London, 2003), ISBN 1-871082-79-X p. xi.〕 December 22, 1883 – November 6, 1965) was a French-born composer who spent the greater part of his career in the United States.
Varèse's music emphasizes timbre and rhythm and he coined the term "organized sound" in reference to his own musical aesthetic.〔Goldman, Richard Franko. 1961. “Varèse: Ionisation; Density 21.5; Intégrales; Octandre; Hyperprism; Poème Electronique. Instrumentalists, cond. Robert Craft. Columbia MS 6146 (stereo)” (in Reviews of Records). Musical Quarterly 47, no. 1. (January):133–34.〕 Varèse's conception of music reflected his vision of "sound as living matter" and of "musical space as open rather than bounded".〔Chou Wen-chung. 1966a. ("Open Rather Than Bounded" ). ''Perspectives of New Music'' 5, no. 1 (Autumn–Winter): 1–6.〕 He conceived the elements of his music in terms of "sound-masses", likening their organization to the natural phenomenon of crystalization.〔Chou Wen-chung. 1966b. ("Varèse: A Sketch of the Man and His Music" ). ''The Musical Quarterly'' 52, no. 2 (April): 151–170.〕 Varèse thought that "to stubbornly conditioned ears, anything new in music has always been called noise", and he posed the question, "what is music but organized noises?" 〔Varèse, Edgard, and Chou Wen-chung. 1966. ("The Liberation of Sound" ). ''Perspectives of New Music'' 5, no. 1 (Autumn–Winter): 11–19.〕
Although his complete surviving works only last about three hours, he has been recognised as an influence by several major composers of the late 20th century. Varèse saw potential in using electronic mediums for sound production, and his use of new instruments and electronic resources led to his being known as the "Father of Electronic Music" while Henry Miller described him as "The stratospheric Colossus of Sound".
== Life and career ==
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